In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organical compound. Hydrocarbon exploration focused mainly on very deep waters, thus triggering the development of innovative technologies with the aim of constructing production platforms at ever increasing depth. Encyclopaedia of hydrocarbons project directors mario beccari, ugo romano scientific coordinating committee pier federico barnaba. The istituto della enciclopedia italiana and eni present a new edition of the encyclopaedia of. Petroleum, complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occur in earth in liquid, gaseous, or solid form. Aromatic hydrocarbon simple english wikipedia, the free. Hydrocarbons concept chemistry video by brightstorm. Unsaturated hydrocarbons, which contain one or more double bonds, are useful chemicals for many reactions. The 3 types of fossil fuel are coal, crude oil and natural gas. In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon 620 hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides. It was registered on february 14, 2005, by steve chen, chad hurley, and jawed karim, three former employees of the american ecommerce company paypal. Before watching this video you should watch our video explaining how crude oil is separated into its different length hydrocarbon fractions by. The liquid form of hydrocarbons can be utilized to provide many needed things in our culture today such as oil, gasoline, and fuels.
Benzenoid aromatic hydrocarbons contain one or more benzene rings and are by far the more common and the more important commercially. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen. What hydrocarbons are what alkanes are the general formula for alkanes an example of using that general formula to work out the molecular formula of octane. In this way, we find these components in the plastics, insecticides and even cosmetics or soaps. You are allowed to download the video for nonprofit, educational use. Alkanes, or saturated hydrocarbons, contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms. Each of the carbon atoms in an alkane has sp 3 hybrid orbitals and is bonded to four other atoms, each of which is either carbon or hydrogen.
Crude oil petroleum product encyclopedia britannica. Bonding and molecular structure, families of carbon compounds, organic reactions and their mechanisms, nomenclature and conformations of alkanes and cycloalkanes, stereochemistry, ionic reactions, alkenes and alkynes, alcohols and ethers, 0 alcohols from carbonyl compounds. Three former paypal employees chad hurley, steve chen, and jawed karim created the service in february 2005. In the twentieth century hydrocarbons were, and will continue t o be in the coming decades, by far the most important energy source, the engine of economic and indust rial development, a decisive factor in social organization, and a strategic raw material, whose destiny closely links alliances, conflicts, and geopolitical and security issues. Top 10 best free youtube downloaders 2019 vloggergear. Chemical name casnumber colourform boiling point c melting point c molecular weight. Although it is recognized that the original source of carbon and hydrogen was in the materials that made up primordial earth, it is generally accepted that these two elements had to pass through an organic phase to be combined into the varied complex molecules recognized as hydrocarbons. Material is presented in a totally different fashion than in the encyclopedia to. Bioremediation of hydrocarbons is a promising mitigation strategy but challenges remain, particularly due to low microbial metabolic rates in cold, icecovered seas. They are known as fossil fuels because they have been formed, over millions of years, from the. Sep 07, 2010 watch more videos on subscribe for all our videos. Hydrocarbons can have only single bonds alkanes or can have double bonds alkenes or triple bonds alkynes. Here is a list of the first 10 alkanes and a look at how to name them.
This is the first video in the organic chemistry unit. Each of the carbon atoms in an alkane has sp3 hybrid orbitals and is bonded to four other atoms, each of which is either carbon or hydrogen. The term is often extended to the terpenoids, which are oxygenated derivatives of these hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are only made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are organic chemical compounds which contain only hydrogen and carbon. Encyclopedia of analytical science 3rd edition elsevier. Hydrocarbon exploration is a high risk investment and risk assessment is paramount for successful project portfolio management. They all contain a carbon backbone, called a carbon skeleton, and have hydrogen.
Youtube is an american videosharing platform headquartered in san bruno, california. In the first, the rings are fused, which means that at least two carbon atoms are shared between adjacent rings. Hydrocarbons article about hydrocarbons by the free dictionary. Hydrocarbons are the most basic organic compound known to man. More than 19,000 downloadable images and animations illustrating. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Paraffin hydrocarbons are also referred to as saturated hydrocarbons. The carbon frameworks of many cage hydrocarbons are quite rigid. The carbon atoms join together to form the framework of the compound, and the hydrogen atoms attach to them in many different configurations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Because carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell and because each covalent bond requires a donation of 1 electron, per atom, to the. Purchase encyclopedia of analytical science 3rd edition. Those elements form a large variety of complex molecular structures, some of which cannot be readily identified. The hydrocarbons in each family have a general formula and similar chemical properties, and similar trends in physical properties.
Unesco eolss sample chapters petroleum engineering upstream the petroleum upstream industry. The third edition of the encyclopedia of toxicology presents entries devoted to key concepts and specific chemicals, and is updated to reflect current advances in the field. We use hydrocarbons every day, mainly as fuels, such as natural gas, acetylene, propane, butane, and the principal components of gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil. The combustion of hydrocarbons is a primary source of energy for our society. The term is often restricted to the liquid form, commonly called. Hydrocarbon used in welding with old name of ethylene. Exploration risk is a difficult concept and is usually defined by assigning confidence to the presence of the imperative geological factors, as discussed above. We can say that they are the basis of the current economy. Hydrocarbon creationwiki, the encyclopedia of creation science. They can be found in crude oil and are separated by fractional distillation which means they are separated into different groups.
This tutorial will help students understand the basics of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and alkenes. In general, the hole within a cage hydrocarbon is too small to accommodate even a proton. I introduce what organic means, what hydrocarbons are, and the difference between saturated and. Hydrocarbon simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Many of the hydrocarbons can very easily catch on fire, and when burned these hydrocarbons turn into water, carbon dioxide, and also heat. Aromatic hydrocarbons hydrocarbons characterized through a molecular structure with six carbon atom rings. July 2017 learn how and when to remove this template message. Hydrocarbons are the principal constituents of petroleum and natural gas. Microbial degradation of alkanes pdf download available. Encyclopedia hydrocarbon article content hydrocarbon. Polynuclear hydrocarbon accessscience from mcgrawhill. During the refining of petroleum, one kind of hydrocarbon is often converted to another, more useful kind by cracking.
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Hydrocarbon biodegradation by arctic seaice and subice. The increasing accessibility to navigation and offshore oil exploration brings risks of hydrocarbon releases in arctic waters. Hydrocarbon creationwiki, the encyclopedia of creation. Youtube lets anyone upload videos for private or public viewing. Encyclopaedia of hydrocarbons project directors mario beccari, ugo romano scientific coordinating committee pier federico barnaba, piero bernardini, giovanni brighenti, sergio carra, alberto clo. Mesini encyclopedia of life support systems eolss today comes from crude oil. The solvents benzene, xylene, toluene, naphthalene and so on. Many hydrocarbons are found in plants, animals, and their fossils. Useful hydrocarbon mixtures include cooking gas, gasoline, naphtha, benzine, kerosene, paraffin, and lubricating oils. The main applications of hydrocarbons are given in transport, as fuel, and in industry. Thus, you can well understand the importance of hydrocarbons in your daily life. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. They are also used as the starting materials for manufacture of many dyes and drugs.
Because of its lack of polar covalent bonds, hydrocarbons cannot create hydrogen bonds with water and are. The lewis structures and models of methane, ethane, and pentane are illustrated in figure 1. Crude oil is a mixture of comparatively volatile liquid hydrocarbons compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon, though it also contains some nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Aromatic hydrocarbon accessscience from mcgrawhill. One goes to the hydrogen atom, and one each to the two neighboring carbons. The company is headquartered in san bruno, california.
In particular, the typical rotary rig for drilling onshore medium to deep wells, indicatively more than 3,000 metres, will be described. Learn the basics about coal, oil and gas hydrocarbons as part of the. The drilling rigs used on land are complexes of mobile equipment which can be moved in reasonably short times from one drill site to another, drilling a series of wells. Today we are going to cover all chemical properties of alkanes in this video. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Hydrocarbons from which one hydrogen atom has been removed are functional groups called hydrocarbyls. It contains new information on nanotoxicology, epigenetics, persistent organic pollutants, computational toxicology and bioinformatics, controversial chemicals, and much more. Petroleum origin of hydrocarbons encyclopedia britannica. And the reason i boxed off organic compounds is because weve been dealing with thus far, inorganic compounds. Its just one carbon atom with four hydrogen atoms stuck to it. Depending on their structure, a distinction is made between acyclic, or aliphatic, hydrocarbons, in which the carbon atoms are bound to one another in linear or branched chains, and isocyclic, or carbocyclic, hydrocarbons, the molecules of which form rings consisting of three or more carbon atoms. Aromatic hydrocarbons are either benzenoid or nonbenzenoid. In this unit, you will learn more about hydrocarbons. Alkanes are openchain aliphatic or noncyclic hydrocarbons with no multiple bonds or functional groups.
Youtube article about youtube by the free dictionary. Crude oil is composed of hydrocarbons, which are mainly hydrogen about % by weight and carbon about 85%. Hydrocarbons karl griesbaum, universitat karlsruhe th, karlsruhe, federal republic of germany arno behr, henkel kgaa, dusseldorf, federal republic of germany dieter biedenkapp, basf aktiengesellschaft, ludwigshafen, federal republic of germany heinzwerner voges, huls aktiengesellschaft, marl, federal republic of germany. Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss, unesco. A few examples of these types of compounds are shown as students explore the possible structural.
Microorganisms are organisms forms of life requiring magnification to see and resolve their structures. Hydrocarbons definition of hydrocarbons by the free dictionary. For those who are addicted youtube, being able to download youtube videos is hugely valuable. The gasoline and diesel fuel that are used in cars, trucks, and. Hydrocarbons are organic chemical compounds which contain only hydrogen and carbon subcategories. Ullmanns encyclopedia of industrial chemistry is the benchmark reference in chemistry and chemical and life science engineering, covering inorganic and organic chemicals, advanced materials, pharmaceuticals, polymers and plastics, metals and alloys, biotechnology and biotechnological products, food chemistry, process engineering and unit operations, analytical methods, environmental. Hydrocarbons are a class of molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. They consist of tetrahedral carbon atoms, up to 10 5 carbons or more in length. They had the idea that ordinary people would enjoy sharing their home videos. Generally speaking, an offshore platform has the primary function of allowing the production of hydrocarbons from the subsurface, with minimum. Consequently, the geometric relationships between substituents on the cage are well defined.
This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. The hydrogen and carbon are bonded with nonpolar covalent bonds. Cage hydrocarbon accessscience from mcgrawhill education. Ullmanns encyclopedia of industrial chemistry major. Conversion of methane into higher hydrocarbons on platinum nature. The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons and are composed of carbon and hydrogen. One of a class of hydrocarbons possessing more than one ring. This system was approved in 1892 by the international congress of chemists, meeting in geneva. Mesini encyclopedia of life support systems eolss in order to generate and preserve a deposit of hydrocarbons until its commercial discovery an hydrocarbon reservoir if it can be economically exploited, four. A hydrocarbon with a chemistry similar to that of benzene.
Organic compounds which contain carbon and hydrogen only. Hydrocarbon, any of a class of organic chemical compounds composed only of the elements carbon c and hydrogen h. Petroleum engineering upstream the petroleum upstream industry. To learn more about subscribing to accessscience, or to request a norisk trial of this awardwinning scientific reference for your institution, fill in your information and a member of our sales team will contact you as soon as possible. Hydrocarbons article about hydrocarbons by the free. Hydrocarbons are grouped into families or homologous series. Terpene, any of a class of hydrocarbons occurring widely in plants and animals and empirically regarded as built up from isoprene, a hydrocarbon consisting of five carbon atoms attached to eight hydrogen atoms c 5 h 8. Figure 3 lighter paraffin hydrocarbons present in petroleum fluids figure 4 lighter aromatic hydrocarbons present in petroleum fluids phase behavior in petroleum fluids a detailed descriptive and illustrative account g. In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is any chemical compound that consists only of the elements carbon c and hydrogen h. Hydrocarbons chemical properties of alkanes youtube.
Microorganism is a general term that becomes more understandable if it is divided into its principal types bacteria, yeasts, molds, protozoa, algae, and rickettsia predominantly unicellular microbes. Ullmanns encyclopedia of industrial chemistry ebook. Alicyclic hydrocarbon accessscience from mcgrawhill. The 5 main applications of hydrocarbons life persona. Aug 28, 2011 this tutorial will help students understand the basics of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and alkenes. They are made out of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms. Wikimedia commons has media related to hydrocarbons.
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